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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">《庄子》导读-逍遥游1</h1>
        

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        <p><strong>介绍：逍遥游篇的主题是说当一个人窥破功名利禄之后而使其精神活动臻于逍遥自在、无挂无牵的状态。</strong></p>
<p>本篇可以分为三章，首章首先描绘了一个广大无穷的世界，之后点出“小知不及大知”，“小年不及大年”，点出“小大之辩”；接着写无功、无明、无己等从而达到可以与天地往来以“御六气之辩”的地步。今天我们先来探索这个广大的世界。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>北冥有魚，其名為鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。化而為鳥， 其名為鵬。鵬之背，不知其幾千里也；怒而飛，其翼若垂天之雲。是鳥也，海運則將徙於南冥。南冥者，天池也。</p>
<p> . 庄子今注今译(套装上下册)(最新修订版) (道典诠释书系) (p. 6). 商务印书馆. Kindle 版本. </p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="1-为什么是北冥有鱼呢？"><a href="#1-为什么是北冥有鱼呢？" class="headerlink" title="1.为什么是北冥有鱼呢？"></a>1.为什么是北冥有鱼呢？</h2><p>冥，通溟。溟在康熙词典中有解释，其中在逍遥游下的解释是“水勢絕遠杳冥之貌。”绝与远，都是形容北冥之大之广之远；而杳，日在木下为杳，即太阳将要落山了，对于我们现代人来说，这是“美好夜生活”的开始，但是对于古人来说，那意味着黑暗的开始与一日的终结，其解释中有通冥的意思即黑，它和冥都是形容北冥之深；说到冥，说文解字中有“<strong>日數十，十六日而月始虧，冖亦夜也</strong> ”。冖为覆盖，十日复加六日月亮就会开始由盈转亏，这样的月夜一般比较黑暗，所以冥所指的黑不是一般的黑，是那种伸手不见五指的黑。冥亦有冥间的说法。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>溟：【說文】小雨溟溟也。【揚子·太𤣥經】密雨溟沐。【註】溟沐，漸漬潤澤之意。　又海也。【十洲記】東王所居處，山外有員海。員海水色正黑，謂之溟海。通作冥。【莊子·逍遙遊】北溟有魚。　又瀴溟，水勢絕遠杳冥之貌。【木華·海賦】經途瀴溟。　又巊溟，山氣暗昧之狀。【左思·吳都賦】巊溟鬱𡶒。　又杳溟，水勢渺深激蕩也。【郭璞·江賦】雷註杳溟。　又【廣韻】【正韻】莫迥切【集韻】【韻會】母迥切，𠀤音茗。與瀴同。　又【集韻】莫逖切，音覓。亦小雨也。</p>
<p>杳（yao三声）：【說文】冥也。【張衡·思𤣥賦】日杳杳而西匿。【淮南子·天文訓】日晡則反景上照於桑楡，故杳字日在木下。　又【玉篇】深廣貌。【管子·內業篇】杳乎如入於淵。　又叶委羽切，迂上聲。【王逸·九思】意逍遙兮欲歸，衆穢盛兮杳杳。思哽饐兮詰詘，涕流瀾兮如雨。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>北冥中的溟是指水势绝远杳，即水一望无际，并且颜色黝黑仿佛无底之洞，一切东西都能够吸进去。我们知道，水越深，其颜色也随之变深，这一个字就充分的说明了，北海之大之深，也只有在这种极大极深的环境中才能够孕育出鲲这样的大鱼。</p>
<h2 id="2-其翼若垂天之云，什么是垂天之云。"><a href="#2-其翼若垂天之云，什么是垂天之云。" class="headerlink" title="2.其翼若垂天之云，什么是垂天之云。"></a>2.其翼若垂天之云，什么是垂天之云。</h2><blockquote>
<p>垂：〔古文〕𡍮𠄒𠂹𠣔【唐韻】【集韻】𠀤是爲切，音甀。自上縋下。【易·大傳】黃帝堯舜垂衣裳而天下治。【詩·小雅】垂帶而厲。　又布也。【後漢·鄧禹傳】垂功名於竹帛。　又同陲。堂之盡處近階者。【書·顧命】一人冕執戣，立于東垂。一人冕執瞿，立于西垂。【史記·袁盎傳】臣閒千金之子，坐不垂堂。　又邊垂。【左傳·成十三年】虔劉我邊垂。【前漢·谷永傳】方今四垂宴然。　又地名。【春秋·隱八年】宋公衞侯遇于垂。【註】垂，衞地，濟隂句陽縣東北有垂亭。【宣八年】仲遂卒于垂。【註】齊地。　又【集韻】馳僞切，音縋。鄉名。在縣。　又【集韻】樹僞切【正韻】殊僞切，𠀤音瑞。【書·舜典】垂共工。陸德明讀。　又將及也。杜甫有垂老別詩。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>蒋锡昌说这里的垂应该取“陲”的释义，即“堂之尽头近阶处”，在这里就应该引申为天空的尽头，我们应该想象一下作者在描写鹏的时候想要采用的是什么视角，我觉得作者应该正处于鹏的下方或者是斜下方，抬头望去，鹏的身体遮天蔽日，翅膀一直伸到了作者视线的尽头，也就是天地交接之处。何其壮观！</p>
<h2 id="3-译文"><a href="#3-译文" class="headerlink" title="3.译文"></a>3.译文</h2><p>幽深而不见底的北海里有一条鱼，它的名字叫做鲲。鲲的巨大，不知道有几千里。化成了鸟，它的名字叫做鹏。鹏的背，不知道有几千里；奋起振翅而非，它的翅膀遮天蔽日直达天际，就像天边的云彩。这只鸟，在海动风起的时候，就迁往南海。那南海，是天然形成的大池。</p>

      
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